This paper analyzes the features of agricultural extension models and policy in 27 sub- Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. This is based on the premise that the discussion of extension policy in SSA countries cannot be isolated from the extension models that are applied in these countries. While the models are direct products of the type of policy that has been adopted, the policy dictates the models to be used in each country. 

Policy influence and advocacy are increasingly regarded as a means of creating sustainable policy change in international development. It is often also seen as a difficult area to monitor and evaluate. Yet there is an increasingly rich strand of innovation in options to monitor, evaluate and learn from both the successes and failures of policy influence and advocacy interventions. This paper explores current trends in monitoring and evaluating policy influence and advocacy; discusses different theories of how policy influence happens; and presents a number of options to monitor and evaluate different aspects of advocacy interventions. Case studies describe how some organisations have used these options in practice to understand their impact and improve their advocacy strategies.

ODI Working Paper 395.

Power Point Presentation held at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Policy Seminar at the Washington DC launch of FAO's State of Food and Agriculture 2012: Investing in Agriculture for a Better Future on 22 January 2013.

This Presentation was held at the Institute of Development Studies on 6-7 December 2012.

This paper provides an overview of approaches to monitoring and evaluating policy influence, based on an exploratory review of the literature and selected interviews with expert informants, as well as ongoing discussions and advisory projects for policy-makers and practitioners who also face the challenges of monitoring and evaluation. There are a number of lessons that can be learned, and tools that can be used, that provide workable solutions to these challenges.

ODI Background Note

In the messy and power-infused world of policymaking, innovation platforms can help balance the vested interests of market actors, civil society and other stakeholders to support policy processes. They can bring together different types of expertise, experience and interests. They can facilitate learning between policymakers and market and civil society actors to develop negotiated and implementable policies and regulations.

Innovation Platforms Practice Brief #2

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the European Innovation Partnership (EIP) 'Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability'

In its Europe 2020 Strategy, the Commission underlines the role of research and innovation as key elements in preparing the European Union for future challenges. Innovation is indispensable in preparing Union agriculture for the future. The concept of EIP is a new way to foster innovation. This EIP aims to foster a competitive and sustainable agriculture and forestry that 'achieves more from less' and works in harmony with the environment.

Extension Policy Requirements for Improved Accountability: Programme Planning; Delivery/Implementation; Monitoring & Evaluation

K.Davis, GFRAS, 2011